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1.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 81(3)jul.-sept. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-576561

ABSTRACT

Las epilepsias focales son las màs frecuentes en los niños, y la resistencia al tratamiento farmacológico puede estar presente hasta en el 30 por ciento de los pacientes. Se realizó este estudio con el objetivo de dirigir la atención hacia la coincidencia topográfica de los paroxismos electroencefalográficos, con lesiones estructurales demostrables por neuroimagen, para facilitar el diseño de estrategias terapéuticas futuras. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal prospectivo, con 44 niños con diagnóstico de epilepsia focal de difícil control, ingresados en el Servicio de Neuropediatría del Hospital Pediátrico Docente Juan M Márquez, entre enero de 2003 y junio de 2007. Se realizaron estudios por electroencefalograma (EEG) al ingreso y videoelectroencefalograma, además de estudios de neuroimagen por tomografía axial o resonancia magnética nuclear. RESULTADOS. Los paroxismos en EEG involucraron el lóbulo frontal hasta en el 68 por ciento de los pacientes. En el 48 por ciento de los pacientes, los paroxismos electroencefalográficos coinciden con zonas de alteración estructural según neuroimagen, más frecuentes en el lóbulo frontal. En el 25 por ciento no hay coincidencia topográfica y en el 27 por ciento no se precisan alteraciones estructurales. CONCLUSIONES. En las epilepsias focales de difícil control se debe prestar especial atención a las zonas elocuentes con coincidencia entre el EEG y la neuroimagen, para evaluar de forma temprana las alternativas quirúrgicas de tratamiento.


Focal epilepsies are the more frequent conditions in children and a pharmacologic treatment resistance could be present up to 30 percent of patients. Aim of present paper was to direct the attention to topographic coincidence of electroencephalographic paroxysms with structural lesions by neuroimaging facilitating the future therapeutical strategies design. METHODS: A descriptive, longitudinal, prospective study was conducted in 44 children diagnosed with epilepsy of difficult control admitted in Neuropediatrics Service of Juan Manuel Marquez Teaching Children Hospital from January, 2003 to June, 2007. At admission, we made electroencephalogram (EEG) and videoelectroencephalogram (VEEG) studies as well as neuroimaging studies by axial tomography (AT) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). RESULTS: Paroxysms in EEG involved frontal lobule up to the 68 percent of patients. In 48 percent, electroencephalographic paroxysms coincide with structural alteration zones according neuroimaging, more frequent in frontal lobule. In 25 percent there is not topographic coincidence, and in 27 percent there are not specified structural alterations. CONCLUSIONS: In focal epilepsies of difficult control, we must to take care of eloquent zones with coincident between EEG and neuroimaging to assess in time the surgical treatment options.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Electroencephalography/methods , Epilepsies, Partial/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Frontal Lobe/abnormalities , Malformations of Cortical Development/diagnosis , Tomography/methods
2.
Rev. colomb. rehabil ; 7(7): 117-126, oct. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-576022

ABSTRACT

La región prefrontal es la estructura más directamente relacionada con el funcionamiento ejecutivo, cognoscitivo y conductual. Es una estructura que es especialmente vulnerable a lesiones cerebrales inducidas como traumas craneoencefálicos, accidentes cerebrovasculares, tumores, trastornos neurodegenerativos y por trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Éstas dejan como secuelas alteración en la capacidad de inhibición, fallas en programación, déficit en memoria operativa y ordenamiento temporal, cambios en conducta social, pseudodepresión, apatía, pérdida de la motivación e iniciativa y dificultad para la inhibición de sus respuestas. La intervención en esta población genera retos para los profesionales de salud quienes han de mantener habilidades personales y profesionales que proyecten en el paciente confianza y efectiva adhesión al tratamiento.


The prefrontal region is the most directly structure related to executive functioning, cognitive and behavioral. Is a structure that is particularly vulnerable to brain damage induced as cephalic trauma, cerebrovascular accidents, tumors, neurodegenerative disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders. These make alterations as sequelae of inhibition in the ability, faulty programming, and working memory deficits in temporal order, changes in social behavior, pseudodepression, apathy, loss of motivation and initiative and difficulty inhibiting their responses. The intervention in this population creates challenges for health professionals who maintain personal and professional skills that project in the patient the trust and effective adherence to treatment.


Subject(s)
Prefrontal Cortex/abnormalities , Frontal Lobe/abnormalities , Rehabilitation
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 136(6): 763-766, jun. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-490763

ABSTRACT

Retinoic acid is a widely used drug in the treatment of cystic acné. It has teratogenic effects that depend on the gestational period in which it is used. We report a seven months of female whose mother was exposed to retinoic acid in both pregestational and gestational periods. She had a retardation of psychomotor development and a brain MRI showed frontal atrophy and a malformation of the posterior fossa. We discuss the mechanisms ofthe teratogenic effeets of retinoic acid.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Pregnancy , Abnormalities, Drug-Induced , Abnormalities, Multiple/chemically induced , Craniofacial Abnormalities/chemically induced , Isotretinoin/adverse effects , Keratolytic Agents/adverse effects , Teratogens , Acne Vulgaris/drug therapy , Atrophy/chemically induced , Cranial Fossa, Posterior/abnormalities , Cranial Fossa, Posterior/drug effects , Frontal Lobe/abnormalities , Frontal Lobe/drug effects , Maternal Exposure/adverse effects , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced , Psychomotor Disorders/chemically induced , Tretinoin/adverse effects
4.
Rev. colomb. psicol ; 17: 105-114, 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-606131

ABSTRACT

Las funciones neurocognitivas básicas como el control ejecutivo cognoscitivo representan un endofenotipo prometedor que puede mejorar el entendimiento del desarrollo y la expresión del TLP. Evaluamos la asociación entre el funcionamiento en una Batería de Funciones Ejecutivas y el TLP. Se estudió a 10 mujeres diagnosticadas con TLP a quienes por separado se les administró esta batería y fueron comparadas con un grupo control no clínico que constó de 10 sujetos. El desempeño en los participantes con TLP fue menor en la batería de Función Ejecutiva (U=18, p=0,015) y fueron más impulsivo que el grupo de control (U=21, p=0,28); por otra parte no hubo diferencias entre ambos grupos sobre la inteligencia (U=28, p=0,096). Los pacientes con TLP demostraron impedimentos significativos en la prueba de toma de decisiones y planeación lo que puede sugerir la disfunción del lóbulo frontal.


Basic neurocognitive functions such as executive cognitive control represent promising endophenotypes that may improve understanding of the development and expression of TLP. We evaluated the association between performance on a Battery of Executive Functions and the TLP psychopathology. 10 TLP-diagnosed women were evaluated with this battery and their results were compared with those of a non clinical control group, consisting of 10 subjects. It was found that TLP participants performed more poorly than controls in the Executive Function Battery (U=18, p=0,015) and were more impulsive than the control group (U=21, p=0,28); on the other hand, there were no differences between both groups in intelligence (U=28, p=0,096) It was concluded that patients with TLPexhibited significant impairments in test of decision-making and planning, suggesting frontal lobe dysfunction.


Subject(s)
Female , Frontal Lobe/abnormalities , Borderline Personality Disorder/diagnosis , Borderline Personality Disorder/psychology , Cognitive Science , Neurobehavioral Manifestations
5.
Neurol India ; 2007 Jan-Mar; 55(1): 57-60
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-120183

ABSTRACT

Pachygyria is a disorder of neuronal migration. We report an Indian family with four siblings with developmental delay, infrequent seizures, normal head size and mild to moderate mental retardation. Two of them had bilaterally symmetrical frontotemporal pachygyria. Dysmorphism and neurological signs were absent in the affected subjects. Affected male and female siblings with normal parents suggests autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. We believe these cases represent a new autosomal recessive disorder of neuronal migration. Other similar cases of lissencephaly are reviewed.


Subject(s)
Family Health , Female , Frontal Lobe/abnormalities , Genes, Recessive , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Male , Intellectual Disability/etiology , Nervous System Malformations/complications , Temporal Lobe/abnormalities
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